S275JR steel (1.0044): properties, composition, equivalents
S275JR (1.0044) structural steel: 275 MPa minimum yield, 410–560 MPa tensile, 27 J at +20 °C. Chemical limits, thickness-based mechanicals, ASTM/JIS/GB equivalents.
What is S275JR?
S275JR sits between S235JR and S355 in the EN 10025-2 family: a non-alloy structural steel with 275 MPa minimum yield up to 16 mm and a tensile range of 410–560 MPa, impact tested to 27 J at +20 °C. Its Werkstoff number is 1.0044.
In practice S275JR is the British and Irish default for hot-rolled sections (the successor to BS 4360 43A/43B), while continental Europe tends to jump from S235 directly to S355. Buyers see it most in universal beams and columns, angles, flats and hollow sections. Carbon is allowed up to 0.21 % and CEV up to 0.40 %, so preheat is still unnecessary in ordinary thicknesses.
When a drawing says St44-2 or Fe430B, S275JR is the grade to order; when it says A36, check the design — A36 yield is 250 MPa, so S275JR is the safe upward substitute but A36 is not a downward one.
S275JR chemical composition
| Element | Mass % | Note |
|---|---|---|
| C | ≤ 0.21 | ≤ 40 mm; 0.25 % above 40 mm |
| Mn | ≤ 1.5 | |
| P | ≤ 0.035 | |
| S | ≤ 0.035 | |
| N | ≤ 0.012 | |
| Cu | ≤ 0.55 |
Ladle analysis, EN 10025-2:2019 Table 2. CEV max 0.40 % up to 30 mm, 0.42 % 40–150 mm.
S275JR mechanical properties
| Thickness / condition | Yield strength ReH / Rp0.2 MPa (ksi) | Tensile strength Rm MPa (ksi) | Elongation A % | Hardness |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤ 16 mm | 275 (39.9) | 410–560 (59.5–81.2) | 23 | ≈ 120–160 HB (typical) |
| > 16 ≤ 40 mm | 265 (38.4) | 410–560 (59.5–81.2) | 23 | — |
| > 40 ≤ 63 mm | 255 (37.0) | 410–560 (59.5–81.2) | 22 | — |
| > 63 ≤ 80 mm | 245 (35.5) | 410–560 (59.5–81.2) | 21 | — |
| > 80 ≤ 100 mm | 235 (34.1) | 410–560 (59.5–81.2) | 21 | — |
| > 100 ≤ 150 mm | 225 (32.6) | 400–540 (58.0–78.3) | 19 | — |
Rm range for 3–100 mm; elongation L0 = 5.65√S0, longitudinal.
Impact toughness
S275JR requires a minimum Charpy V-notch energy of 27 J at 20 °C (longitudinal). J0 and J2 variants (S275J0 1.0143, S275J2 1.0145) are tested at 0 °C and −20 °C.
S275JR equivalent grades
| Grade | System | Match | Why / differences |
|---|---|---|---|
| A572 Gr. 42 | ASTM / ASME | Near | Yield 290 MPa (42 ksi), Rm 415 MPa min — slightly stronger, HSLA chemistry. |
| Q275B | GB/T (China) | Near | GB/T 700 Q275: yield 275 MPa, Rm 410–540 MPa; B = 27 J at +20 °C. |
| IS 2062 E275 BR | IS (India) | Near | Yield 275 MPa, Rm 430 MPa min, room-temperature impact. |
| A36 | ASTM / ASME | Functional | A36 yield 250 MPa is below 275 MPa; A36 is not a drop-in replacement where the design used fy = 275. |
| S235JR | EN (European) | Functional | Lower class; S275JR can replace S235JR, not vice versa. |
| S355JR | EN (European) | Functional | Higher class; same delivery conditions. |
| P265GH | EN (European) | Functional | Structural steel of similar strength without elevated-temperature or pressure-equipment certification (no PED compliance). |
| S280GD | EN (European) | Functional | Uncoated hot-rolled equivalent by yield for members that will be hot-dip galvanized after fabrication. |
| SS400 | JIS (Japan) | Functional | Yield 245 MPa, below S275; SM400 is closer on impact but also 245 MPa. |
Identical = same composition and mechanical limits within rounding. Near = one limit differs (e.g. carbon max or impact temperature). Functional = interchangeable for most uses after an engineering check. Full cross-reference for S275JR →
Old and superseded designations
| Old name | Standard | Note |
|---|---|---|
| St44-2 | DIN 17100 (withdrawn) | Legacy German name, still used in Turkey and the Gulf. |
| Fe430B | EN 10025:1990 | |
| 43A / 43B | BS 4360 | 43B matches the +20 °C impact requirement. |
| E28-2 | NF A 35-501 |
Product forms and tolerance standards
Product forms: hot-rolled plate, hot-rolled coil and sheet, sections and merchant bar, hollow sections (S275JRH, EN 10210/10219).
Dimensional tolerances: plate: EN 10029; coil/sheet: EN 10051; sections: EN 10034 / EN 10279.
Key property values
S275JR yield strength
Minimum ReH is 275 MPa (39.9 ksi) ≤ 16 mm, 265 MPa to 40 mm, 255 MPa to 63 mm, 245 MPa to 80 mm and 235 MPa to 100 mm. EN 1993-1-1 design value fy = 275 MPa (t ≤ 40 mm) / 255 MPa (40–80 mm).
S275JR tensile strength
Rm is 410–560 MPa (59–81 ksi); typical certificates show 430–470 MPa.
S275JR hardness
Not specified in the standard; as-rolled material is about 120–160 HB.
Density and modulus
7.85 g/cm³ and E = 210 GPa — identical to all EN 10025 carbon steels.
Weldability
Weldable by all processes without preheat up to ~30 mm (CEV ≤ 0.40 %). Match with E42 / G42 consumables; for thick, restrained joints use EN 1011-2 to set preheat.
Machining, forming and heat treatment
Slightly harder to machine than S235JR but still free-cutting with HSS or carbide. Minimum bend radius (transverse) 1.0 t ≤ 2.5 mm to 2.5 t at 8–16 mm per EN 10025-2 Table 7. Not hardenable.
Typical applications
- Hot-rolled sections for buildings (UK/IE practice: UB, UC, PFC)
- Hollow sections for architectural and light industrial frames
- Trailer chassis and agricultural equipment frames
- Crane runway secondary members
- Galvanized structural steelwork
S275JR compared with related grades
Frequently asked questions
What is S275JR equivalent to in ASTM?
There is no exact ASTM match. A572 Grade 42 (290 MPa yield) is the nearest by strength; A36 (250 MPa) is weaker and only a functional substitute after a design check.
Is S275JR the same as St44-2?
S275JR replaced St44-2 (DIN 17100) in 1994 with an added 27 J impact guarantee at +20 °C. For ordering purposes they are treated as the same grade.
What is the difference between S275JR and S355JR?
Yield strength: 275 vs 355 MPa. S355JR also allows more carbon (0.24 %) and has a higher CEV limit (0.45 %), so it needs more welding care in thick sections.
Where is S275JR used instead of S235JR?
Wherever the design is strength-governed rather than deflection-governed: beams and columns, trailer frames, lifting-equipment secondary members. UK/Irish section stock is mostly S275 or S355, rarely S235.
Related grades
Verified against EN 10025-2:2019; EN 10025-2:2019 Tables 2, 4, 7 and 8. Last checked: September 2026.